Biomethane: Gaseous renewable energy source derived from agricultural biomass (dedicated crops, by-products and agricultural waste and animal waste), agro-industrial (waste from the food processing chain) and the Organic Fraction Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW).

BEV: Battery electric vehicle

Carbon budget: This is the amount of carbon dioxide the world can emit while still having a likely chance of limiting average global temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, an internationally agreed-upon target.

CBA: Cost Benefit Analysis carried out to define to what extent a project is worthwhile from a social perspective.

CCS: Carbon Capture and Storage. Process of sequestrating CO₂ and storing it in such a way that it won’t enter the atmosphere.

CHP: Combined heat and power

Direct electrification: Electricity demand for direct use in the final demand sectors (residential, tertiary, industry etc). Electricity which is converted to other energy carriers through power to gas or power to liquids is referred to as indirect electrification.

DSR: Demand Side Response. Consumers have an active role in the balancing of energy supply and demand by changing their energy consumption according to the energy price and availability. For example, by softening demand peaks in case of congestions, or by increasing energy use during surplus supply.

EC: European Commission

EED: EU Energy Efficiency Directive

ERAA: The ERAA is a pan-European monitoring assessment of power system resource adequacy of up to 10 years ahead.

ETM: Energy Transition Model

EV: Electric vehicle

FCEV: Fuel cell electric vehicle

GHG: Greenhouse gas

Hybrid Heat Pump: heating system that combines an electric heat pump with a gas condensing boiler to optimise energy efficiency.

IA: Impact Assessment released by the European Commission on 17 September 2020: Communication COM/2020/562: Stepping up Europe’s 2030 climate ambition Investing in a climate-neutral future for the benefit of our people

ICE: Internal combustion engine

IEA: World Energy Outlook

Indirect electricity demand: Indirect electrification means electricity demand for production of other energy carriers like hydrogen or synthetic liquids for replacing the use of fossil fuels. Besides industrial processes and hydrogen electrolysis, this could be e.g. heat pumps and electric boilers for district heat production.

IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

LNG: Liquefied natural gas

LTS: Long Term Strategy released by the European Commission on 28 November 2018: A Clean Planet for all. A European strategic long-term vision for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate neutral economy.

LULUCF: Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry. Sink of CO₂ made possible by the fact that atmospheric CO₂ can accumulate as carbon in vegetation and soils in terrestrial ecosystems.

NECPs: National Energy and Climate Plans are the new framework within which EU Member States have to plan, in an integrated manner, their climate and energy objectives, targets, policies and measures to the European Commission. Countries will have to develop NECPs on a ten-year rolling basis, with an update halfway through the implementation period. The NECPs covering the first period from 2021 to 2030 will have to ensure that the Union’s 2030 targets for greenhouse gas emission reductions, renewable energy, energy efficiency and electricity interconnection are met.

NGO: Non-governmental Organisation

OR: Other RES. It includes bio-fuels, marine, geothermal, waste, and any other small renewable technologies. The CO₂ content of these technologies are zero; they are carbon neutral.

ONR: Other non-RES. It includes mainly CHP that is used in district heating & industry. Fuel use can be gas, coal, lignite, and oil. The CO₂ content of ONR technologies depending on the technology and have been considered into the CO₂ budget.

P2G: Power to gas. Technology that uses electricity to produce hydrogen (Power to Hydrogen – P2H2) by splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen (electrolysis). The hydrogen produced can then either be used directly or indirectly to produce other fuels, where it is combined with CO₂ to obtain synthetic methane (Power to Methane – P2CH4) or can be converted to other energy carriers like for example synthetic ammonia (P2NH3).

P2L: Power to liquids. Combination of hydrogen from electrolysis and Fischer-Tropsch process to obtain synthetic liquid fuels.

PCI: Project of Common Interest

Power-to-Hydrogen/P2Hydrogen: Hydrogen obtained from P2H2.

Power-to-Methane/P2Methane: Renewable methane, could be biomethane or synthetic methane produced by renewable energy sources only.

RES: Renewable energy source

SRG: Stakeholder Reference Group. The SRG is meant to provide expert input to the development of scenarios by ENTSO-E and ENTSOG in accordance with the scenario development timeline.

SMR / ATR: Steam methane reforming (SMR) and Autothermal reforming (ATR) represent each an industrial process to produce hydrogen with natural gas. Can be outfitted with carbon capture technologies

Synthetic fuel: Fuel (gas or liquid) that is produced from renewable or low carbon electrical energy.

TEN-E: Trans-European Networks for Energy, EU policy focused on linking the energy infrastructure of EU countries.

TSO: Transmission System Operator

TYNDP: Ten Year Network Development Plan